%PDF-1.3
%
1 0 obj
<>]/PageLabels 15 0 R/Pages 3 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
application/pdf
CC BY
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technical applications, standard workflow, and future developments in maize production – water stress detection, weed mapping, nutritional status monitoring and yield prediction
Xiuhao Quan
Reiner Doluschitz
As a consequence of rapid ongoing technological developments and increasing integration into agricultural mechanization and agricultural intelligence, UAVs are gradually starting to play an increasingly important role in field crop management and monitoring. This review introduces and covers the development in four major applications of UAVs in maize production: (i) water stress detection, (ii) weed mapping, (iii) nutrient status monitoring and (iv) yield prediction. In addition, this review summarizes UAV data management methods, explains how expert systems work in UAV systems, and provides standardized workflow data for farmers in maize production. In addition, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of UAV use in maize production are analyzed. Based on more than eighty publications and our own research, the discussion and conclusions point out key issues in UAV usage in maize cropping and research gaps that need to be filled, along with a number of recommendations for the development of UAVs in maize production in the future.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
maize
field management
data management
expert systems
2021-03-24T15:13:39+01:00
2021-03-24T15:13:41+01:00
2021-03-24T15:13:41+01:00
Adobe InDesign 16.1 (Windows)
uuid:522f3ccc-14f0-4ba2-b16b-0a8f83a1cc29
xmp.did:DDEFBAD2CA5DE411BAEAAE880155B5C1
xmp.id:347b5ef8-5381-0d45-90ff-33f2a1070996
proof:pdf
1
xmp.iid:4099575b-5053-314b-8391-400c296b90e9
xmp.did:7e7fe34c-a851-1640-9a07-1b1e89a4e710
xmp.did:DDEFBAD2CA5DE411BAEAAE880155B5C1
default
converted
from application/x-indesign to application/pdf
Adobe InDesign 16.1 (Windows)
/
2021-03-24T15:13:39+01:00
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
True
Adobe PDF Library 15.0
False
PDF/X-1:2001
PDF/X-1:2001
PDF/X-1a:2001
endstream
endobj
15 0 obj
<>
endobj
3 0 obj
<>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>
endobj
21 0 obj
</LastModified/NumberOfPageItemsInPage 2/NumberofPages 1/OriginalDocumentID/PageItemUIDToLocationDataMap<0[2313.0 0.0 3.0 -226.772 -368.74 -58.1102 -354.567 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -317.764 -738.667]/1[2359.0 1.0 3.0 145.63 -373.246 227.48 -357.583 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -402.887 -684.068]>>/PageTransformationMatrixList<0[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0]>>/PageUIDList<0 10658>>/PageWidthList<0 595.276>>>>>>/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>>
endobj
22 0 obj
</LastModified/NumberOfPageItemsInPage 2/NumberofPages 1/OriginalDocumentID/PageItemUIDToLocationDataMap<0[2313.0 0.0 3.0 -226.772 -368.74 -58.1102 -354.567 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -317.764 -738.667]/1[2359.0 1.0 3.0 145.63 -373.246 227.48 -357.583 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -402.887 -684.068]>>/PageTransformationMatrixList<0[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0]>>/PageUIDList<0 10664>>/PageWidthList<0 595.276>>>>>>/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>>
endobj
23 0 obj
</LastModified/NumberOfPageItemsInPage 2/NumberofPages 1/OriginalDocumentID/PageItemUIDToLocationDataMap<0[2313.0 0.0 3.0 -226.772 -368.74 -58.1102 -354.567 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -317.764 -738.667]/1[2359.0 1.0 3.0 145.63 -373.246 227.48 -357.583 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -402.887 -684.068]>>/PageTransformationMatrixList<0[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0]>>/PageUIDList<0 10681>>/PageWidthList<0 595.276>>>>>>/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>>
endobj
24 0 obj
</LastModified/NumberOfPageItemsInPage 2/NumberofPages 1/OriginalDocumentID/PageItemUIDToLocationDataMap<0[2313.0 0.0 3.0 -226.772 -368.74 -58.1102 -354.567 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -317.764 -738.667]/1[2359.0 1.0 3.0 145.63 -373.246 227.48 -357.583 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -402.887 -684.068]>>/PageTransformationMatrixList<0[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0]>>/PageUIDList<0 10694>>/PageWidthList<0 595.276>>>>>>/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>>
endobj
25 0 obj
</LastModified/NumberOfPageItemsInPage 2/NumberofPages 1/OriginalDocumentID/PageItemUIDToLocationDataMap<0[2313.0 0.0 3.0 -226.772 -368.74 -58.1102 -354.567 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -317.764 -738.667]/1[2359.0 1.0 3.0 145.63 -373.246 227.48 -357.583 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -402.887 -684.068]>>/PageTransformationMatrixList<0[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0]>>/PageUIDList<0 10709>>/PageWidthList<0 595.276>>>>>>/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>>
endobj
26 0 obj
</LastModified/NumberOfPageItemsInPage 2/NumberofPages 1/OriginalDocumentID/PageItemUIDToLocationDataMap<0[2313.0 0.0 3.0 -226.772 -368.74 -58.1102 -354.567 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -317.764 -738.667]/1[2359.0 1.0 3.0 145.63 -373.246 227.48 -357.583 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 -402.887 -684.068]>>/PageTransformationMatrixList<0[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0]>>/PageUIDList<0 10721>>/PageWidthList<0 595.276>>>>>>/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>stream
HWmOH_1N^)q~KUHIzZ%؆¯] )8zfgyvu0~`U
8hqWCx__7.dqlֽSY&%, |=0+D1O.\8gl*6j-jWp"Խ}6,g7SoE)nDGǞ_| C8#B|tΫ
a ES8PZTHܝ`]M-sbBI+(kjX
VH0^e0glc*,$Jr sQv@SDrX\[rk
R-?rJx2u!BV]s
7;sߧl(`n+DNCGnFr1P+ K$sΚ7>؎(^K/?ۈ Zvj{f/q0eS@2!/aASdî%^VU}j\x;2 蠝3H۬F1Fyw [%t`孆@i@M&Zl